Answering the Call: Youth Media and the Cell Phone


With its sprawl extending over 50 miles and 28 counties, Atlanta harbors pockets of communities that are disjointed and frayed, limiting opportunities for public discourse. The problem is amplified by a weak and marginalized public media infrastructure. Though Atlanta Public Broadcasting has two NPR affiliate stations and two Public Broadcasting television stations, local content is sparse. There are only six local non-music related programs broadcasted between the three.
Moreover, the Atlanta community radio station WRFG is weak in broadcasting power, audio quality, and programming; many of its daytime non-music programming is piped in from cities as far away as California and New York. Its mandate is progressive programming, which further constricts subject matter to the ghettos of public policy and radical civic engagement. Currently there simply is not space provided for open and in-depth discourse about local arts, politics, and activities.
In light of the lack of distribution opportunities, how can youth media organizations help young people find their voice? How can young people have their voices heard?
The cell phone could be an answer to what are thought to be insurmountable odds for youth media. Cell phones and their capability to interface various forms of media are ubiquitous in Atlanta and in many other cities around the world where other means of communication are unreliable. Audio, video and text messages can be broadcast, conferenced and narrow casted.
Cell phones are a readily available medium for connectivity. Combining new and old media concepts to a distribution channel the public already has access to, depends on and is comfortable with, is a concept that should not be ignored.
The Challenges of Media Access in a Fractured City
The Internet provides useful tools of engagement via social media and crowd sourcing. In theory, anyone can create a sustainable network providing media access, media literacy and multi-platform journalism—however, how many disenfranchised youth have access to broadband media at home (1)?
Due to foreclosures and urban blight, Atlanta is the third emptiest metro area in the United States (2). The lack of tenants in area housing is a disincentive for broadband companies to develop and maintain infrastructure in these communities. Therefore, in many minority communities in Atlanta’s outer suburbs and in the inner city, Internet service distribution is inconsistent, or unavailable. Case in point, Comcast lines in the Atlanta section of West End come in and out of service regularly, and here in the Historic Westside, where I reside, the situation can be described as seen on my block: 14 homes, 2 with Internet access (3).
When I talk to youth in my neighborhood about the access to free facilities like WonderRoot, a community arts organization in East Atlanta that offers youth media programs, they become disheartened because they understand that travel is an issue. Most of Atlanta’s metro area is not fitted with sidewalks. Residents are forced to drive in order to get from residential areas to business and commerce districts. Public transit is a monster as well. With seven bussing authorities all having limited routes in the suburbs and inner city coupled with light rail extending into only 2 of the metro area’s 28 counties, access to physical structures is limited to clientele with cars or within walking distance.
For some, their ability to use resources like WonderRoot and other youth media organizations comes only through summer youth programs able to bus them. This cripples audience participation and retention and constrains the impact of organizations like WonderRoot.
Cell Phones as a Potential Bridge
WonderRoot and other youth media organizations could overcome some of the obstacles around media-making and dissemination by using cell phones. With a tool as ubiquitous and familiar as the cell phone, young people could create both long- and short-form media pieces that can be accessed by anyone who subscribes, texts, or dials into a database for information wherever they are, whenever they want it.
According to Media Bistro, firms like City Search have recently gone live with mobile solutions for their own hyper-local content (see the recent iPhone application and City Search’s recent news). A USAID paper declares mobile technology “The 7 Mass Media;” a sophisticated, interactive tool for citizen media and a way of engaging and unifying communities.
Likewise, youth media organizations could help youth create content such as newsletters, photo documentary, radio documentary, audio slides, and video for dissemination to the desired public through the cell phone. Options for the end user to follow up is quick and easily accessible. Availability of material can be either low-cost or free depending on the mode of distribution and individual cell phone provider plans. By using SMS messaging systems, young people could send 160 word reports and headlines. Users with Smart Phones could access audio slide presentations, video, and audio clips via a mobile-accessible website.
Hundreds of millions of phones are equipped with a built-in camera. And several of these phones have short video capability. Around the globe, organizations are using cell phones to interview and document local communities, where citizens report on issues or perspectives important to them. See Media Focus on Africa.
Brough Turner, Chief Technology Officer NMS Technology suggests in his article “Mobile Web: Limited but Getting Better,” that technology and competition are increasing access to the internet. He informs that within a few years, 3-Generation cell phones—linked 24/7 to the World Wide Web—will be the same cost of 2-Generation cell phones, which currently make up 80% of all mobile phones around the world (4). Once the world switches to the 3-G network, the world will have access to the internet. Thus, for youth media organizations, cell phones will be a critical tool for the field and young producers to connect with, share, and distribute material.
Next Steps
Writing leads, creating audio, photo and video content are all critical aspects of journalism; however, youth media professionals must find innovative methods to involve young people—within and outside youth media programs—to the process of generating their own media, connecting with communities, and sharing/distributing their messages widely and daily on their cell phones.
Imagine an opportunity for content creators across fractured metro areas to create a clearinghouse for material where Internet access and transit is no longer an issue. Imagine the capability to use both the lure of specialization and the ability to practice multi-platform skill sets necessary in a world of media convergence. The possibility is here, in Atlanta and other metro areas, for youth media professionals to provide extended coverage and creatively and proactively use a tool that many young people already have at their fingertips.
Dominick R. Brady is a freelance journalist volunteering for WonderRoot. He resides in Atlanta, GA.
Footnotes
(1) For more information, contact Computers for Youth, an organization that has technology access data for 915 families and 6 schools in Atlanta, GA and 5,000 families nationally in 2008. www.cfy.org.
(2) See Kevin Duffy’s, “Atlanta Trails only Detroit, Las Vegas as Emptiest City,” in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. February 17, 2009. www.ajc.com/services/content/business/stories/2009/02/17/emptiest_cities_atlanta.html?cxtype=rss&cxsvc=7&cxcat=6.
(3) www.atlantaregional.com/documents/Housing_article.pdf. Landmatters. March 2008.
(4) Stakeholders in the field interested in using cell phones as such a tool might tap the shoulder of experts such as James Katz of the Center for Mobile Communications Studies at Rutgers University who is currently looking at how personal communication technologies (such as the Internet and mobile phones) can be used by teens from urban environments to engage in informal science and health learning. See: http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/ci/cmcs/staff/.
Refrences
Brough Turner, “Mobile Web: Limited but Getting Better,” in Katrin Verclas (with Patricia Mechael)’s, A Mobile Voice: The Use of Mobile Phones in Citizen Media, November 2008. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN040.pdf.
Verclas, Katrin with Patricia Mechael. “A Mobile Voice: The Use of Mobile Phones in Citizen Media” November 2008. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN040.pdf.

Putting the Pieces Back Together: Youth Media in a Fractured City


“Who lives here?” asked Moony as the car filled with five teen girls drove through Atlanta’s West End neighborhood. Veronica may have winced inside but she said clearly: “I do.” The dirty streets and closed storefronts near the historic Washington High School–the academic home of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. –were a shock to Moony, whose suburban high school neighborhood looked quite different from Veronica’s urban one.
This anecdote reflects the reality experienced by teens living in Atlanta today—communities are separated from one another, and movement between communities is rare, as many public institutions discourage communication and community-building across social groups and geographic distance. For this reason, many teens experience Atlanta as a fractured city.
For democracy to survive, we have to find a way to have civil dialogue across differences. Youth media programs provide a space for young people to move outside of traditional institutions, and challenge segregation and stereotypes. With a dual focus on teambuilding and skillbuilding, VOX has created a set of practices that encourage diversity and inclusion.
Prioritizing Diversity and Inclusion
In order to provide a space where diverse groups of young people work together and thrive, creating a media outlet that reflects their experiences and thus inspires a broad audience, VOX emphasizes the following:
Outreach. Workshops and interactive activities can help teens, staff and Board/volunteers identify who is at the table and whose voices are missing;
Transportation. A few teens can get rides from family members. Most use public transportation, so meetings and work sessions have to be in spaces accessible by public transportation. Rides are organized for those who didn’t have bus fare or when the walk from the bus stop is just too far.
A safe environment. A work environment where teens from different backgrounds together establish ground rules, organizational philosophies and ways of working together to which all agree; understood agreements about confidentiality, mutually agreeable definitions of respect that identify safety from hate language and put-downs, and a process for airing concerns or challenges.
Transcend barriers. Teens who work together to create their own shared goals (the nonprofit community calls this impact outcomes; we call it a “so what”) do so with a vigor that allows them to cross the invisible boundaries of race, economics, gender, faith, sexual orientation and age that often keep people separated. As writers and artists collaborate on articles and page designs, they can transcend the barriers that otherwise polarize them.
Teambuilding and diversity. As teens lead icebreakers, teambuilding games, and diversity appreciation activities, they foster relationships that forge into meaningful friendships and positive peer connections. As a result, they choose to spend time in the newsroom because it is a fun and positive place to work and hang out. Twice a year VOX also hosts a “cultural expression buffet” – a pot luck where students contribute a dish of food representing something they appreciate about their culture to help teens see their commonalities and honor their differences. Additionally, as a matter of necessity, the meetings also need to be fun, and students need to get to know each other well enough to come to consensus about stories’ name, design and content.
Recruitment and partnerships. Make sure that all collaborative program partnerships are with organizations and schools/classrooms that serve specific outreach populations of youth. Prioritize outreach to work with populations of teens growing up in foster care, who are refugees or immigrants, who are adjudicated delinquent and the least heard and least likely to participate in after-school programs. In addition, specifically and avidly recruit writers, artists, poets, and videographers who represent the diversity of the community the organization aims to serve.

Building Community through Youth Media
Crafting an authentic, safe space, getting to know each other as real, whole people, and breaking down barriers through collaborative storytelling allows teens to dissect issues such as power, privilege, inclusion, and exclusion. This process is supported by group activities, but ultimately grows from the process of designing and producing media representations that reflect teen experiences across social boundaries and communicate teen concerns to the wider community. Teen participants in VOX tell us that no other environment engages them with people who are different from themselves. The following suggestions stem from their feedback and comments:
Helping young people understand how divisions between race, class and gender operate. Sara Powell, an alumna of VOX, explains: “During a group diversity training, we were all given dots of different colors on our forehead. Some people received the same colors as others, and some did not. The only instructions we were given was to ‘divide.’
“And so divide we did, by color. Some people had no one with a same-colored dot, so they were singles. Two of them tried to band together anyway, and I tried to stop it, saying that they weren’t the same color. Afterwards, the goal behind the activity was revealed, and it was pointed out that we’d only been told to divide, and no parameters had been given to govern said division. The color-based division was of our own design.
“I got the point. It hit me in such a profound way that, 12 years later, I still recall that training. It made me look at the artificial boundaries we put up to shut out other people and experiences. It made me look inside myself at my own fears and prejudices. And it made me really grateful to be a part of VOX and thus able to have a share in the celebration of diversity it represents.”
Joining two young people from different backgrounds to work on media projects together. Rebecca Stein, a VOX writer, explains: “Being in Jewish, Orthodox schools my entire life, I had been exposed only to one main view about Israel’s tension with the Palestinians.
“I wrote a VOX article on Israel’s military actions from a Jewish perspective that opposed the view of a VOX staff member who wrote from a Muslim point-of-view. It would seem that the two of us would find no common ground, but through our collaboration on a ‘history of the conflict’ and ‘relief organization’ sidebars, we were able to find areas in which we thought alike. Through this experience, I learned that it is possible to find common ground with those who, at first, may seem to have opposite views on the world than I do.”
Providing young people a platform outside of schools and families to talk about sexuality and how it differs among their peers. Simit Shah explains: “Like many people, almost everybody I interacted with was almost exactly like me. I never thought this to be unusual and the only regular dose of diversity was delivered through the TV set or the occasional trip downtown to a sporting event.
“For example, in my community and household, homosexuality was a topic that was either not to be breached or the subject of scorn and ridicule. Just a few weeks at VOX changed that, as I saw the realities and heard the stories. Granted, I think most people mature, along with their opinions and viewpoints, as they reach college and the real world, but being a part of VOX really accelerated that process for me.”
Encouraging young journalists to push beyond their boundaries. Co-founder Jeremy explains: “The process of researching and writing stories for VOX gave me entree into the lives of people to whom I might not normally have access. They recognized that as a journalist I could help them tell their story. By opening up to me to talk about teen pregnancy, sexual orientation, race or just their hopes of winning a local talent show these people made my world that much larger.”
VOX’s teambuilding and the process of sharing stories through journalism makes a profound impact on both the writers and their readers. Last year, VOX’s annual citywide readers’ survey found that 89% of readers said they were more understanding of people who are different from themselves as a result of what they read in VOX. Since community dialogue begins with interaction, youth media programs that allow diverse voices to speak and be heard are contributing to local and national social change.
Take Away
Youth media organizations may be the only place teens are compelled to examine their own experiences with bias and exclusion—and the power that communication and publishing holds for reducing the isolation that keeps feeling down about themselves and their communities.
By building effective bridges among groups, youth media programs can not only create a transformational experience for everyone involved but impact the community beyond even the work our teens unite to create.
Rachel Alterman Wallack, MSW, is the executive director of VOX Communications in Atlanta, GA. A native Atlantan, Rachel’s experience growing up in Atlanta and then writing for Junior Scholastic and Business Atlanta magazines inspired her to help start VOX Teen Communications with a team of volunteer teens and adults in 1993. Rachel earned her bachelor’s degree in Journalism from the University of Texas in Austin, but knew quickly after working with teens at VOX that they needed much more than just an editor. She went back to school and earned master’s degree in social work at night in order to better support teens involved in VOX’s programs, and she has since volunteered and consulted with several local non-profits in the area of youth development, youth in governance and organizational leadership, and non-profit organizational development. Her role at VOX today is to guide strategic planning and Board Development, support adult staff to secure the resources for youth voice in metro-Atlanta.